New Colorado Statutes Effective August 8, 2013

On May 11, 2013, Governor John Hickenlooper signed Senate Bill 13-077 into law which will become effective on August 8, 2013. This Bill contains the statutory changes requested by the Trust & Estate Section of the Colorado Bar Association. Several statutes will go into effect in August. Among them, the new law modifies Colorado’s Dead Man’s Statute to make it more user friendly, particularly in the probate context in which it often plays a part. It adds to the factors that are to be considered by a judge when determining the reasonableness of compensation and costs in probate matters, and reaffirms that nominated and appointed personal representatives have legal standing to determine their decedent’s probable intent and estate planning purposes on issues involving the decedent’s estate and it allows those representatives to prosecute or defend their decedent’s intent at the expense of the estate, resolving a previously open question in probate proceedings.

The Bill also contains a statute harmonizing the information of appointment requirements sent to heirs and beneficiaries (and other interested persons) with those under the corresponding probate rule, it modifies the priority of claims in decedent estates to give child support claims a higher priority than those of general creditors and it makes clear that funds on deposit in bank accounts and credit unions are subject to collection by affidavit in small estates.

We will now have a statute that makes mandatory the requirement that a court order a professional evaluation in a conservatorship proceeding if the respondent requests it. In order to preserve assets in a conservatorship, the new law also will provide relief when there are insufficient funds available to pay all creditors, by providing a mechanism for the conservator to request that the protective person's limited funds be used for his or her care prior to being paid to general creditors.

In August, we will have a law that authorizes a grantor to be reimbursed by the trust for taxes he or she paid on behalf of their IDGT (intentionally defective grantor trust) without exposing the trust’s assets to his or her creditors or causing them to be included in his or her estate. Another statute will provide protection to trustees under certain circumstances involving ILITs (irrevocable life insurance trusts). The Bill also adopts, with some changes, the Uniform Trust Code’s codification of the law involving revocable trusts and makes definitional changes to ensure that revocable trusts in probate are characterized differently from business trusts.

Finally, the Bill contains new effective date provisions for amendments to the Colorado Probate Code (other than those effecting “protective proceedings” like guardianships and conservatorships) that, with one notable exception, will be uniform with the effective date provisions of the Uniform Probate Code. The one exception deals with the law of intestacy in which it will now be clarified that the intestate law in effect in Colorado at the time of the decedent’s death controls the identification of the heirs and the amount of their shares, despite any prior or future amendments to the laws of intestacy.

Colorado Secretary of State Increases Filing Fees

For most of the past year, the filing fees for the Secretary of State’s office were $1, including filing Articles of Incorporation (corporations), Articles of Organization (limited liability companies), and Certificates of Limited Partnership. That temporary reduction of fees has ended, and the filing fees are now back to $50 for each new fling, and generally $25 for amendments. Certificates of Good Standing are free on-line, and periodic reports are $10 on-line. The periodic reports cannot be filed in paper form.

President’s Budget Includes Changes Affecting Estate Plan

The President released his budget on April 10, 2013. While this does not mean these provisions will become law, they could be part of a tax reform package later this year. Some of the changes include: (1) a $3 million cap on IRAs and retirement plan; (2) Inherited IRAs would have to be paid out in 5 years instead of over the beneficiary’s life expectancy; (3) Generation-skipping transfer tax exemption applicable to trusts would expire after 90 years; (4) Grantor retained annuity trusts would have a minimum term of 10 years; and (5) coordination between the value of an asset reported on the U.S. Estate Tax Return and the beneficiary’s reported basis on a sale.

Despite Willa Cather's Restrictive Will, her Personal Letters Will be Published

Since her death in 1947, author Willa Cather’s personal letters have been off limits per a provision in her Will which prohibited the publication of her personal letters. Her last individual executor died in 2011, which resulted in her copyrights passing to the Willa Cather Trust, the University of Nebraska Foundation and the Willa Cather Foundation, which quickly dropped the prohibition of Ms. Cather’s letters, as well as the restriction concerning the ban on film adaptions of Ms. Cather’s works. As a result, The Selected Letters of Willa Cather will be published this month and will contain 566 of the almost 3,000 letters which are known to have survived Ms. Cather. Go to the link for the New York Times article about this - O Revelations! Letters, Once Banned, Flesh Out Willa Cather

Civil Unions Become Law in Colorado

On March 21, 2013, Governor John Hickenlooper signed the Colorado Civil Union Act into law, which will become effective as of May 1, 2013. A civil union may be entered into by any two adults (regardless of gender), and will function as the legal Colorado equivalent of marriage. Couples wishing to enter into a civil union must go to their local clerk and recorder and file a license, and the officiant then files a civil union certificate to verify the union. Please note that a civil union will supercede any recorded beneficiary designation.

Although civil unions are not marriage (the Colorado constitution defines marriage as between a man and a woman only), all of Colorado state laws will apply to partners in a civil union as they do spouses. Partners will have the same statutory rights and responsibilities as spouses. If partners wish to end their civil union, they will have to obtain a legal dissolution of the union, and will be subject to the current laws regarding maintenance, parenting time, child support, and property division. All of the same rights at death will apply to a surviving partner. Just as with marriage, partners in a civil union may enter into an agreement to modify the rights of each partner at both death and divorce.

Despite the change in Colorado law, the federal law is currently unchanged. The federal government has the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which was signed into law in 1996, and defines marriage as only between a man and a woman, and denies federal law coverage for those that have married in a state which has legalized same-sex marriage. This means that for federal law, such as income taxation, social security benefits, estate and gift rules, and federal spousal benefits, partners in a civil union will be treated as if they are both single people. On March 27th, the U.S. Supreme Court considered a case which will be decided based upon the constitutionality of DOMA. Even if the Court decides DOMA is unconsitutional, it is unclear if federal law will apply to partners in a civil union.

2013 Probate Numbers Indexed for Inflation

The 2013 numbers have been posted by the Colorado Department of Revenue: Small Estate Affidavit is $63,000; Exempt Property is $31,000; Family Allowance is $31,000; Elective Share supplemental amount is $52,000.

The Charitable IRA Rollover is back for 2012 and 2013!

The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA) enacted January 2, 2013, extended the IRA charitable rollover rules which were originally put in place in 2006, and expired at the end of 2011. This provision allows individuals who are 70 ½ or older to transfer (or "rollover") up to $100,000 per year from their IRAs to most charities if the transfer is a "qualified charitable distribution" and certain rules are followed. Not only can taxpayers use the charitable rollover for 2013 distributions, but distributions from IRAs made after November 20, 2012 and before January 31, 2013 may be treated as a charitable IRA rollover for 2012, if that distribution is made in cash to charity before January 31, 2013. Thus, you could give up to $200,000 to charity from your IRA in 2013 (with $100,000 treated as given in 2012) if you act quickly. Contact us or your IRA plan administrator to learn more.

New Tax Bill Passed!

The American Taxpayer Relief Act was passed in the first days of 2013 to avoid raising taxes on all taxpayers. The Act: (1) extends the 2012 income tax rates for persons earning less than $400,000, or $450,000 for joint filers; (2) for these same filers, the capital gains and dividends rate will increase from 15% to 20%, but stay at 15% for other taxpayers; (3) estate, gift and GST exemptions stay at $5 million (indexed for inflation) but the top rate is increased from 35% to 40%; (4) makes "permanent" the portability of a deceased spouse’s unused exemption to the surviving spouse; and (5) makes "permanent" the alternative minimum tax relief and indexes it for inflation.

IRS Nonacquiesces in Wandry

The Tax Court had held in the Wandry case (TC Memo 2012-88) that a fixed-dollar gift of an LLC interest (as opposed to a fixed percentage) was valid for gift tax purposes. This would be very helpful for taxpayers making gifts of hard to value assets. The IRS issued a notice that it will not acquiesce in this decision. AOD appearing at 2012-46 IRB. Some commentators believe this means that Treasury may issue regulations against fixed-dollar gifts, or that they have a better case in the pipeline.

Supreme Court to Review DOMA Challenge

We had earlier highlighted the Second Circuit opinion holding federal DOMA invalid and allowing the marital deduction against the federal estate tax for a same-sex widow, in Windsor, 110 AFTR 2d 2012-6370 (2012 CA2). The U.S. Supreme Court has now agreed to review this case, so we should know in 2013 whether same-sex couples who are legally married under state law are entitled to the same federal tax benefits as heterosexual married couples. Stay tuned!